TAILIEUCHUNG - Chromatographic Analysis of Environmental and Food Toxicants By Takayuki 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Chromatographic analysis of environmental and food toxicants" has contents: Nitrobenzene and related compounds, chromatographic analysis of tetrachlorodibenzo dioxin, organophosphorous esters, chromatographic analysisi of insecticidal carbamates, toxic carbonyl compounds. | 6 Nitrobenzene and Related Compounds Norimitsu Saito Iwate Prefectural Institute of Public Health Morioka Japan Kenji Yamaguchi Yokogawa Analytical Systems Inc. Tokyo Japan I. INTRODUCTION Benzene and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons PAH with one or more of the hydrogens substituted with nitro groups are collectively called nitroarenes or nitro-PAHs. There are over 300 nitro-PAHs commercially produced in the chemical industry 1 and among them the 1 and 2 benzene-ring nitro-PAHs are manufactured and used in largest quantities 2 The applications of nitro-PAHs are diverse and include explosives dyes pigments pharmaceuticals flavors pesticides rubbers antiaging agents fuel additives solvents and intermediates for synthetic chemicals. Nitroarenes in the industry are handled by well-trained workers in restricted areas under a strict handling protocol. Therefore problems 169 170 Saito and Yamaguchi with nitro-PAHs occur due to occupational exposure and environmental pollution from manufacturing plants. In 1978 Pitts et al. 3 showed that when PAHs were exposed to a trace amount of NO2 direct-acting mutagenic nitroarenes were formed and it was suggested that this reaction could occur in the atmosphere. In 1980 Rosenkranz et al. 4 detected nitropyrenes from carbon black and toners used in copying machines and showed that these compounds gave a strong mutagenic activity in Salmonella strain. Further nitroarenes have been found in emissions from diesel engines which had been known as suspect agents of lung cancer. When diesel particulate emissions were found to be the major source of the airborne nitroarenes each of the compounds contained in the diesel emissions was identified as a constituent of atmospheric pollutants 5-8 Earlier airborne particulates and diesel emissions studies on nitro-PAHs were done by Salmonella bioassay as a mutagenicity test Ames test because chemical analysis gave poor sensitivities at that time 8-11 . Because logarithmic calibration curves were .

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