TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Exploring psychology (8th edition): Part 2
(BQ) Part 2 book "Exploring psychology" has contents: Thinking, language, and intelligence; motivation; emotions, stress, and health; personality; psychological disorders; therapy; social psychology; glossary; references,. and other contents. | Thinking, Language, and Intelligence MODULES 22-24 22 Thinking 23 Language and Thought 24 Intelligence “The average newspaper boy in Pittsburgh knows more about the universe than did Galileo, Aristotle, Leonardo, or any of those other guys who were so smart they only needed one name.” —Daniel Gilbert, Stumbling on Happiness, 2006 304 Thinking, Language, and Intelligence Throughout history, we humans have both bemoaned our foolishness and celebrated our wisdom. The poet T. S. Eliot was struck by “the hollow men . . . Headpiece filled with straw.” But Shakespeare’s Hamlet extolled the human species as “noble in reason! . . . infinite in faculties! . . . in apprehension how like a god!” Throughout this text, we likewise marvel at both our abilities and our errors. We study the human brain—3 pounds of wet tissue the size of a small cabbage, yet containing circuitry more complex than the planet’s telephone networks. We marvel at the competence of newborns. We relish our sensory system, which disassembles visual stimuli into millions of nerve impulses, distributes them for parallel processing, and then reassembles them into colorful perceptions. We ponder our memory’s seemingly limitless capacity and the ease with which our two-track mind processes information, consciously and unconsciously. Little wonder that our species has had the collective genius to invent the camera, the car, and the computer; to unlock the atom and crack the genetic code; to travel out to space and into the oceans’ depths. Yet we also see that our species is kin to the other animals. We are influenced by the same principles that produce learning in rats and pigeons. As one pundit said, echoing Pavlov, “How like a dog!” We note that we assimilate reality into our preconceptions and succumb to perceptual illusions. We see how easily we deceive ourselves about hypnotic feats, pseudopsychic claims, and false memories. In Modules 22 through 24, we encounter further instances of these two images
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