TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology (6e): Chapter 21 - Campbell, Reece

Chapter 21 - The genetic basis of development. This chapter presents the following content: Embryonic development involves cell division, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis; researchers study development in model organisms to identify general principles. | CHAPTER 21 THE GENETIC BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: From Single Cell to Multicellular Organism 1. Embryonic development involves cell division, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis 2. Researchers study development in model organisms to identify general principles The application of genetic analysis and DNA technology to the study of development has brought about a revolution in our understanding of how a complex multicellular organism develops from a single cell. For example, in 1995 Swiss researchers demonstrated that a particular gene functions as a master switch that triggers the development of the eye in Drosophila. A similar gene triggers eye development in mammals. Developmental biologists are discovering remarkable similarities in the mechanisms that shape diverse organisms. Introduction Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings While geneticists were advancing from Mendel’s laws to an understanding of the molecular basis of inheritance, developmental biologists were focusing on embryology. Embryology is the study of the stages of development leading from fertilized eggs to fully formed organism. In recent years, the concepts and tools of molecular genetics have reached a point where a real synthesis has been possible. The challenge is to relate the linear information in genes to a process of development in four dimensions, three of space and one of time. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings In the development of most multicellular organisms, a single-celled zygote gives rise to cells of many different types. Each type has different structure and corresponding function. Cells of similar types are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into organ systems, and organ systems into the whole organism. Thus, the process of embryonic development must give rise not only to cells of different types but to .

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