TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Introduction to fluid mechanics (6th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Introduction to fluid mechanics" has contents: External incompressible viscous flow, fluid machinery, introduction to compressible flow, compressible flow. Invite you to reference. | Chapter 9 EXTERNAL INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLOW External flows are flows over bodies immersed in an unbounded fluid. The flow over a sphere Fig. and the flow over a streamlined body Fig. are examples of external flows which were discussed qualitatively in Chapter 2. More interesting examples are the flow fields around such objects as airfoils Fig. automobiles and airplanes. Our objective in this chapter is to quantify the behavior of viscous incompressible fluids in external flow. A number of phenomena that occur in external flow over a body are illustrated in the sketch of viscous flow at high Reynolds number over an airfoil Fig. . The freestream flow divides at the stagnation point and flows around the body. Fluid at the surface takes on the velocity of the body as a result of the no-slip condition. Boundary layers form on both the upper and lower surfaces of the body. The boundarylayer thickness on both surfaces in Fig. is exaggerated greatly for clarity. The flow in the boundary layers initially is laminar. Transition to turbulent flow occurs at some distance from the stagnation point depending on freestrearn conditions surface roughness and pressure gradient. The transition points are indicated by T in the figure. The turbulent boundary layer following transition grows more rapidly than the laminar layer. A slight displacement of the streamlines of the external flow is caused by the thickening boundary layers on the surface. In a region of increasing pressure an adverse pressure gradient so-called because it opposes the fluid motion tending to decelerate the fluid particles flow separation may occur. Separation points are indicated by S in the figure. Fluid that was in the boundary layers on the body surface forms the viscous wake behind the separation points. This chapter has two parts. Part A is a review of boundary-layer flows. Here we discuss in a little more detail the ideas introduced in Chapter 2 and then apply the fluid mechanics

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• Introduction to fluid mechanics
• External incompressible viscous flow
• Fluid machinery
• Introduction to compressible flow
• Compressible flow
• Fluid mechanics
• Fluid forces
• Fluid statics
• Flow of an inviscid fluid
• Dimensional analysis
• The bernoulli equation
• Fluid properties
• Characteristics of a fluid
• Fundamentals of flow
• Conservation of flow properties
• Flow in pipes
• Introduction fluid mechanics
• Computational fluid dynamics
• Geophysical fluid dynamics
• Introduction to biofluid mechanics
• Biofluid mechanics
• Visual resources
• Fundamental concepts
• Introduction to differential analysis
• Incompressible inviscid flow
• Fluid statistics
• Differential analysis
• Dimensional analysis and similitud
• Internal incompressible viscous flow
• Drag and lift
• Law of similarity
• Measurement of flow velocity
• Flow of a compressible fluid
• Unsteady flow
• Continuum mechanics
• Introduction to continuum mechanics
• The elastic solid
• Linear anisotropic elastic solid
• Constitutive equation
• Newtonian viscous fluid
• General principles
• Newtonian fluids
• Thermal systems engineering
• Heat transfer
• Evaluating proper ties
• Getting started
• Control volume analysis using energy
• Tontrol volume analysis using energy
• The momentum
• Mechanical energy equations
• Heat transfer by conduction
• Heat transfer by radiation
• Introduction to spectroscopy
• Elements of flow visualization
• Flow structure
• Governing equations
• Fluid dynamics
• Analysis of incompressible flow
• Flow in pipes and ducts
• A continuous medium
• The mechanics of a continuous medium
• Linearlzed theory of elasticity
• Field equations
• Conservation and balance laws
• Constitutive equations
• Linearized elasticity
• Linearized viscoelasticity
• ENGINEERING EDUCATION
• HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
• Crank Mechanism
• Pulleys
• Aerodynamics