TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology (6e): Chapter 41 - Campbell, Reece
Chapter 41 - Animal nutrition. After studying this chapter you will be able to: Name the three nutritional needs that must be met by an animal’s diet; describe the four classes of essential nutrients; distinguish among undernourishment, overnourishment, and malnourishment; describe the four main stages of food processing. | CHAPTER 41 ANIMAL NUTRITION Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: Nutritional Requirements 1. Animals are heterotrophs that require food for fuel, carbon skeletons, and essential nutrients: an overview 2. Homeostatic mechanisms manage an animal’s fuel 3. An animal’s diet must supply essential nutrients and carbon skeletons for biosynthesis As a group, animals exhibit a great variety of nutritional adaptations. For example, the snowshoe hare of the northern forests, obtains all its nutrients from plants alone. Hares and rabbits have a large intestinal pouch housing prokaryotes and protists that digest cellulose. For any animal, a nutritionally adequate diet is essential for homeostasis, a steady-state balance in body functions. A balanced diet provides fuel for cellular work and the materials needed to construct organic molecules. Introduction Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A nutritionally adequate diet satisfies three needs: Fuel (chemical energy) for all the cellular work of the body; The organic raw materials animals use in biosynthesis (carbon skeletons to make many of their own molecules); Essential nutrients, substances that the animals cannot make for itself from any raw material and therefore must obtain in food in prefabricated form. 1. Animals are heterotrophs that require food for fuel, carbon skeletons, and essential nutrients: an overview Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The flow of food energy into and out of an animal can be viewed as a “budget,” with the production of ATP accounting for the largest fraction by far of the energy budget of most animals. ATP powers basal or resting metabolism, as well as activity, and, in endothermic animals, temperature regulation. 2. Homeostatic mechanisms manage an animal’s fuel Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nearly all ATP is derived from .
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