TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Introduction to basic manufacturing processes and workshop technology: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Introduction to basic manufacturing processes and workshop technology" has contents: Casting, forging, hot working of metals, cold working, sheet metal work, metal cutting, lathe machine, drilling machine, shaper, planer and slotter, powder metallurgy, inspection and quality control. | 13 CHAPTER CASTING INTRODUNCTION Casting process is one of the earliest metal shaping techniques known to human being. It means pouring molten metal into a refractory mold cavity and allows it to solidify. The solidified object is taken out from the mold either by breaking or taking the mold apart. The solidified object is called casting and the technique followed in method is known as casting process. The casting process was discovered probably around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia. In many parts of world during that period, copper axes (wood cutting tools) and other flat objects were made in open molds using baked clay. These molds were essentially made in single piece. The Bronze Age 2000 BC brought forward more refinement into casting process. For the first time, the core for making hollow sockets in the cast objects was invented. The core was made of baked sand. Also the lost wax process was extensively used for making ornaments using the casting process. Casting technology was greatly improved by Chinese from around 1500 BC. For this there is evidence of the casting activity found in China. For making highly intricate jobs, a lot of time in making the perfect mold to the last detail so hardly any finishing work was required on the casting made from the molds. Indus valley civilization was also known for their extensive use of casting of copper and bronze for ornaments, weapons, tools and utensils. But there was not much of improvement in the casting technology. From various objects that were excavated from the Indus valley sites, they appear to have been familiar with all the known casting methods such as open mold and piece mold. This chapter describes the fluidity of molten metal, different casting techniques and various casting defects occurring in casting processes. SIGNIFICANCE OF FLUDITY Fluidity of molten metal helps in producing sound casting with fewer defects. It fills not only the mold cavity completely and rapidly but does not allow also any .

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