TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook International trade theory & policy (11/E): Part 2

Part 2 book “International trade theory & policy” has contents: External economies of scale and the international location of production, the instruments of trade policy , the political economy of trade policy, trade policy in developing countries, controversies in trade policy, and other contents. | 7 CHAPTER External Economies of Scale and the International Location of Production I n Chapter 3, we pointed out that there are two reasons why countries specialize and trade. First, countries differ either in their resources or in their technology and specialize in the things they do relatively well; second, economies of scale (or increasing returns) make it advantageous for each country to specialize in the production of only a limited range of goods and services. Chapters 3 through 6 considered models in which all trade is based on comparative advantage; that is, differences between countries are the only reason for trade. This chapter introduces the role of economies of scale. The analysis of trade based on economies of scale presents certain problems that we have avoided so far. Until now, we have assumed markets are perfectly competitive, so that all monopoly profits are always competed away. When there are increasing returns, however, large firms may have an advantage over small ones, so that markets tend to be dominated by one firm (monopoly) or, more often, by a few firms (oligopoly). If this happens, our analysis of trade has to take into account the effects of imperfect competition. However, economies of scale need not lead to imperfect competition if they take the form of external economies, which apply at the level of the industry rather than at the level of the individual firm. In this chapter, we will focus on the role of such external economies of scale in trade, reserving the discussion of internal economies for Chapter 8. LEARNING GOALS After reading this chapter, you will be able to: ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Recognize why international trade often occurs from increasing returns to scale. Understand the differences between internal and external economies of scale. Discuss the sources of external economies. Discuss the roles of external economies and knowledge spillovers in shaping comparative advantage and international trade .

• Kinh tế học
• International trade theory
• International trade policy
• External economies
• The international location
• Developing countries
• Controversies in trade policy
• International economics theory
• International economics policy
• International economics theory and policy
• Political economy of trade policy
• International Business Management
• The benefits of Trade
• The Patterns of International Trade
• An overview of Trade Theory
• Trade Theory and Government Policy
• Labor productivity
• Comparative advantage
• The ricardian model
• Income distribution
• The standard trade model
• International economics
• The classical theory
• Neoclassical trade theory
• Trade policy
• trade policies
• International trade
• International investment
• Investment environment
• Global trade
• Absolute advantage
• Global economy
• Kinh tế quốc tế
• Thương mại quốc tế
• Lý thuyết đầu tư
• International Trade and Investment Theory
• Bài giảng thương mại quốc tế
• Bài giảng lý thuyết đầu tư
• Lecture International Economics
• Bài giảng Kinh tế quốc tế
• Foundations of modern trade theory
• Trading under constant cost
• The standard theory
• Imperfect competition
• Economic growth
• Nontariff trade barriers
• International marketing
• Lecture International marketing
• Marketing quốc tế
• Chiếc lược marketing
• Marketing strategies
• Trade theories
• Trade distortions
• Marketing barriers
• Lesson International economics
• Factor endowments
• Heckscher ohlin theory
• International trade on return to labor
• Basis of comparative advantage
• Lecture Tourism theory concepts and models
• Tourism theory
• Tourism models
• International tourism
• Bilateral tourism flows
• Bilateral air service agreements
• World Trade Organization in tourism
• Credit Markets
• Domestic Production
• Transnational Vertical
• Trade Theory
• Learning Industry
• Export Import Theory
• Export Import Practices
• Export Import Procedures
• export import marketing
• trade agreements
• intellectual property
• investment policies
• foreign trade
• Exchange Rate Determination
• The Pattern of Trade
• ebook marketing
• human resources
• Surveys of economic theory
• Surveys of economic theory (Volume II)
• The pure theory of international trade
• Marginal productivity criteria
• Theorems in comparative statics
• International business
• Global marketplace
• Global monetary system
• Lecture Macroeconomics
• Kinh tế vĩ mô
• Economic theory
• Economic impact of tariffs
• Perfect competition
• Monopolistic competition
• Game theory
• Public choice
• Economic theory applied
• international finance
• Học thuyết thương mại quốc tế
• Lý thuyết lợi thế tuyệt đối