TAILIEUCHUNG - Introduction to Database Systems- P2

Tham khảo tài liệu 'introduction to database systems- p2', công nghệ thông tin, cơ sở dữ liệu phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | might become available and so on. If applications are data-dependent such changes will typically require corresponding changes to program code thus tying up program-t mer effort that would otherwise be available for the creation of new applications. It is still not uncommon even today to find a significant fraction of the available pro-i gramming effort devoted to this kind of maintenance think of ail the work that went i into addressing the Year 2000 problem hardly the best use of a scarce and valu able resource. . I a It follows that the provision of data independence is a major objective for database j_systems. Data independence can be defined as the immunity of applications to change in physical representation and access technique which implies that the applications in question do not depend on any particular physical representation or access technique. In Chapter 2 we describe an architecture for database systems that provides a basis for 7----------------- achieving this objective. Before then however let us consider in more detail some exam- pies of the types of changes that the DBA might wish to make and that we might there- i fore wish applications to be immune to. We start by defining three terms stored field stored record and stored file refer to Fig. . A stored field is loosely the smallest unit of stored data. The database will contain i many occurrences or instances of each of several types of stored field. For exam- pie a database containing information about different kinds of pans might include a stored field type called part number and then there would be one occurrence of that stored field for each kind of part screw hinge lid etc. . j Note The foregoing paragraph notwithstanding you should be aware that it is 1 common in practice to drop the qualifiers type and occurrence and to rely on context to indicate which is meant Despite a small risk of confusion the practice is conve- nient and we will adopt it ourselves from time

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