TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Elsevier's integrated physiology: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Elsevier's integrated physiology" presents the following contents: Pulmonary system, renal system and urinary tract, gastrointestinal system, endocrine system, female reproductive system, male reproductive system, life span, integration. | Pulmonary System 10 CONTENTS PULMONARY SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY MAP STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Upper Airways and Larynx Lower Airways Pleura Muscular Structure VENTILATION Lung Volumes and Compliance SURFACTANT AND PULMONARY COMPLIANCE Alveoli WORK OF RESPIRATION GAS EXCHANGE Air-Alveolar Gas Mixing Alveolar-Blood Gas Exchange PULMONARY CIRCULATION VENTILATION-PERFUSION BALANCE BLOOD TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE REGULATION OF PULMONARY FUNCTION Regulation of Blood Oxygen Regulation of Blood Carbon Dioxide Integrated Control of Respiration Pulmonary Mechanisms in Acid-Base Regulation TOP 5 TAKE-HOME POINTS Lungs facilitate exchange of O2 and CO2 between tissues and the atmosphere. O2 uptake is necessary to support aerobic oxidative metabolism and CO2 is eliminated as a metabolic waste product. Inspiration brings atmospheric air into the alveoli for exchange. Diffusion drives O2 from the alveoli into the blood and CO2 from the blood into the alveoli. After exchange the arteries transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues. Oxygen diffuses from tissue capillaries through interstitial fluid cell membranes cytoplasm and finally reaches the mitochondria. Carbon dioxide follows the reverse path entering blood at the tissue capillaries. The veins bring CO2-rich blood back to the heart and lungs for elimination in the expired air. The lungs fill the thoracic cavity and although they are not physically attached the lungs and chest wall move together during respiration. The interpleural space is a thin region between the pleura lining the lungs and the pleura lining the interior of the chest wall. This pleural fluid effectively couples the movement of the lungs to the movement of the chest wall. Within the thorax the elastic recoil of the lungs pulls the lungs away from the chest wall. Conversely the recoil of the thorax pulls the chest wall away from the lungs. These opposing forces cause the interpleural pressure to be negative about -4

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