TAILIEUCHUNG - Financial Management Theory And Practice, Brigham-11th Ed - Chapter 11

Chapter 11 Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis Cash flow, which is the relevant financial variable, represents the actual flow of cash. Accounting income, on the other hand, reports accounting data as defined by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). | Chapter 11 Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 11-1 a. Cash flow which is the relevant financial variable represents the actual flow of cash. Accounting income on the other hand reports accounting data as defined by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAAP . b. Incremental cash flows are those cash flows that arise solely from the asset that is being evaluated. For example assume an existing machine generates revenues of 1 000 per year and expenses of 600 per year. A machine being considered as a replacement would generate revenues of 1 000 per year and expenses of 400 per year. On an incremental basis the new machine would not increase revenues at all but would decrease expenses by 200 per year. Thus the annual incremental cash flow is a before-tax savings of 200. A sunk cost is one that has already occurred and is not affected by the capital project decision. Sunk costs are not relevant to capital budgeting decisions. Within the context of this chapter an opportunity cost is a cash flow that a firm must forgo to accept a project. For example if the project requires the use of a building that could otherwise be sold the market value of the building is an opportunity cost of the project. c. Net operating working capital changes are the increases in current operating assets resulting from accepting a project less the resulting increases in current operating liabilities or accruals and accounts payable. A net operating working capital change must be financed just as a firm must finance its increases in fixed assets. Salvage value is the market value of an asset after its useful life. Salvage values and their tax effects must be included in project cash flow estimation. d. The real rate of return rr or for that matter the real cost of capital contains no adjustment for expected inflation. If net cash flows from a project do not include inflation adjustments then the cash flows should be discounted at the real cost of .

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