TAILIEUCHUNG - Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: Factors That Modulate Disease Risk

 Less than 3 decades ago, Robin Warren and Barry Marshall definitively identified Helicobacter pylori by culturing an organism from gastric biopsy specimens that had been visualized for almost a century by pathologists (196). In 1994, H. pylori was recognized as a type I carcinogen, and now it is considered the most common etiologic agent of infection-related cancers, which represent of the global cancer burden (239). In 2005, Marshall and Warren were awarded the Nobel Prize of Medicine for their seminal discovery of this bacterium and its role in peptic ulcer disease | Vol. 23 No. 4 Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct. 2010 p. 713-739 0893-8512 10 doi Copyright 2010 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer Factors That Modulate Disease Risk Lydia E. Wroblewski 1 Richard M. Peek Jr. 1 2 3 and Keith T. Wilson1 2 3 Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine 1 and Department of Cancer Biology 2 Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee 37232 and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Nashville Tennessee 372123 Helicobacter Gastric H. PYLORI VIRULENCE cag CagA phosphorylation-dependent host cell CagA phosphorylation-independent host cell VacA Consequences of VacA within the host Adhesins and SabA and HOST Host Polymorphisms That Influence the Propensity toward Gastric Cancer IL-1p .718 IL-8 .719 Acid Oxidative Damage .721 Role of the host immune response in H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis .721 General Considerations for Innate and Adaptive Innate Adaptive Immune Response to H. pylori .721 i Macrophage signaling of T cells .722 ii Macrophages as effector cells .722 iii Macrophage iv Avoidance of phagocytosis by DCs .724 T cells .725 B cells .726 Inflammation-mediated migration of peripheral Apical-Junctional Complexes .726 Tight junctions .726 Adherens junctions .728 Alterations in Cellular Turnover That Predispose Individuals to H. pylori-Induced Malignant Transformation .728 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS .729 Role of Salt as a Risk Factor for Gastric Adenocarcinoma .729 Helminth Dietary Cigarette Smoking .730 Corresponding author. Mailing address Division of .

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