TAILIEUCHUNG - Figure Drawing - Individual Muscles - Face and Head

Introduction The muscles of the head consist of the chewing muscles (temporalis, masseter, and digastric) and the facial muscles (zygomaticus, orbicularis oris, etc.). The chewing muscles are thick and volumetric, and they originate and insert on bone. They open and close the lower jaw, with the action taking place at the jaw joint (temporomandibular joint). The facial muscles are thin. They originate either from the skull or from the surface of other muscles, and they generally insert into other facial muscles or into the skin. When they contract, they move the features of the face (eyes, nose, mouth, ears) | 28 INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES FACE HEAD HORSE Introduction The muscles of the head consist of the chewing muscles temporalis masseter and digastric and the facial muscles zygomaticus orbicularis oris etc. . The chewing muscles are thick and volumetric and they originate and insert on bone. They open and close the lower jaw with the action taking place at the jaw joint temporomandibular joint . The facial muscles are thin. They originate either from the skull or from the surface of other muscles and they generally insert into other facial muscles or into the skin. When they contract they move the features of the face eyes nose mouth ears . As they pull the facial features they often gather the skin into folds and wrinkles that lie perpen dicular to the direction of their muscular fibers perpendicular to the direction of pull . The mouth region receives the most muscles therefore it is the most mobile part of the face. Some facial muscles are so thin that they do not create any direct form on the surface caninus malaris orbicularis oculi whereas other facial muscles or their tendons may create surface form directly buccinator levator labii maxillaris zygomaticus and depressor labii mandibularis . Facial muscles are generally more visible on the surface in the horse and the ox than in the dog and feline. The facial muscles as they move the eyes nose mouth and ears generate whatever facial expressions animals are capable of producing. INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES FACE HEAD 29 LION DOG Bucc Buccinator Canin Caninus Digas Digastric DiNAp Dilator naris apicalis DLaMn Depressor labii mandibularis DLaMx Depressor labii maxillaris Front Frontalis LAOM Levator anguli oculi medialis LatNa Lateralis nasi LeNas Levator nasolabialis LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris Malar Malaris Mass Masseter Ment Mentalis OrOc Orbicularis oculi OrOr Orbicularis oris RAOL Retractor anguli oculi lateralis ScCar Scutiform cartilage Temp Temporalis Zyg Zygomaticus ZygAr Zygomatic arch. 30 INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES FACE HEAD .

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