TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 15: The special senses (part a)

Chapter 15 (part a) provides knowledge of the eye and vision. In this chapter, you will learn to: Describe the structure and function of accessory eye structures, eye layers, the lens, and humors of the eye; outline the causes and consequences of cataracts and glaucoma; trace the pathway of light through the eye to the retina, and explain how light is focused for distant and close vision; outline the causes and consequences of astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, and presbyopia. | 15 The Special Senses: Part A The Eye and Vision 70% of all sensory receptors are in the eye Nearly half of the cerebral cortex is involved in processing visual information! Most of the eye is protected by a cushion of fat and the bony orbit Accessory Structures of the Eye Protect the eye and aid eye function Eyebrows Eyelids (palpebrae) Conjunctiva Lacrimal apparatus Extrinsic eye muscles Figure Eyelashes Sclera (covered by conjunctiva) Site where conjunctiva merges with cornea Lateral commissure Iris Medial commissure Lacrimal caruncle Eyelid Eyelid Eyebrow Pupil Palpebral fissure (a) Surface anatomy of the right eye Eyebrows Overlie the supraorbital margins Function in Shading the eye Preventing perspiration from reaching the eye Eyelids Protect the eye anteriorly Palpebral fissure—separates eyelids Lacrimal caruncle—elevation at medial commissure; contains oil and sweat glands Tarsal plates—internal supporting connective tissue sheet Levator palpebrae superioris—gives the upper eyelid mobility Eyelids Eyelashes Nerve endings of follicles initiate reflex blinking Lubricating glands associated with the eyelids Tarsal (Meibomian) glands Sebaceous glands associated with follicles Ciliary glands between the hair follicles Figure (b) Lateral view; some structures shown in sagittal section Levator palpebrae superioris muscle Orbicularis oculi muscle Eyebrow Tarsal plate Palpebral conjunctiva Tarsal glands Cornea Palpebral fissure Eyelashes Bulbar conjunctiva Conjunctival sac Orbicularis oculi muscle Conjunctiva Transparent membrane Palpebral conjunctiva lines the eyelids Bulbar conjunctiva covers the white of the eyes Produces a lubricating mucous secretion Lacrimal Apparatus Lacrimal gland and ducts that connect to nasal cavity Lacrimal secretion (tears) Dilute saline solution containing mucus, antibodies, and lysozyme Blinking spreads the tears toward the medial commissure Tears enter paired lacrimal canaliculi via the lacrimal puncta Drain into the .

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