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Cogeneration or CHP (Combined Heat and Power). The terms cogeneration and CHP are used interchangeably in this paper and are defined as the combined simultaneous generation of heat and electrical energy with a common source of fuel. Common examples of cogeneration applications include pulp and paper mills, steel mills, food and chemical processing plants, and District Heating (DH) applications. Since the beginning of the 20th century, cogeneration technology has been utilized by many industrial companies as an eco-friendly means to economically meet a plant’s combined heat and power demands. The volatility of fuel costs and electricity prices in deregulated markets—coupled with the need to secure reliable heat and power supplies, along with. | GE Energy Cogeneration Application Considerations John A. Jacobs III Technical Leader Evaluation Analysis Martin Schneider Senior Marketing Manager May 2009 Contents Introduction.1 Cogeneration.2 Net Heat to Process and Fuel Chargeable to Power.3 Steam Turbines for Cogeneration.4 Steam Turbine Performance Flexibility.6 Cogeneration and Reheat Steam Cycles.7 Cogeneration with Gas Reciprocating Engines.7 Gas Engines.7 Cogeneration - Overall Efficiencies.8 Power and Heat Utilization.8 Fuel Flexibility and Gas Reciprocating Engines.9 Gas Turbine and Combined Cycles.18 Gas Turbine Power Enhancements.19 Fuel Flexibility and Gas Turbines.21 Gas Turbine Exhaust Heat Recovery.22 Heat Recovery Steam Generators.22 HRSG Steam Production Rates.24 Cycle Configurations.25 Combined Cycle Design Flexibility.25 Cogeneration Opportunities.37 Conclusion.40 Acknowledgement.40 List of Figures.41 List of Tables.42 GE Energy GER-3430G 05 09