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During the development of multicellular organisms, both transient and stable gene expression patterns have to be established in a precisely orchestrated sequence. Evidence from diverse model organisms indicates that this epigenetic program involves not only transcription factors, but also the local structure, composition, and modification of chromatin, which define and maintain the accessibility and transcriptional competence of the nucleosomal DNA template. | Eur. J. Biochem. 269 2294-2299 2002 FEBS 2002 doi 10.1046 j.1432-1033.2002.02885.x MINIREVIEW When the embryonic genome flexes its muscles Chromatin and myogenic transcription regulation Ralph A. W. Rupp1 Nishant Singhal1 and Gert Jan C. Veenstra2 1 Adolf-Butenandt-Institut Department of Molecular Biology Munchen Germany department of Molecular Biology Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences University of Nijmegen the Netherlands During the development of multicellular organisms both transient and stable gene expression patterns have to be established in a precisely 01 chetlraled seqeecee. Evidenee from diverse model organisms indicates that this epigenetic program involves not onlytranscription factors but also the local structure composition and modification of chromatin which define and maintain the accessibility nnd minsr-rip-tional competence of the nucleosomal DNA template. A paradigm for the interdependence of development and chromatin is constituted bythe mechanisms controlling the specification and differentiation of the skeletal muscle cell lineage in vertebrates which is the topic of this review. Keywords skeletal myogenesis MyoD family chromatin remodelling histone-acetyltransferase histone H1. INTRODUCTION Following cells through development as they become specified and differentiate into a specific cell type provides a framework in which developmental and chromatin aspects of gene regulation naturally meet fie lee temiirp-ation of cell fate involves invariablyinduction-dependent changes in gene expression patterns. For the aceuisition of skeletal muscle cell identity this involves the transcriptional activation of the MyoD and Myf5 genes the two early expressed members of the myogenic bHLH transcription factor family m vel leb ales b e viewed m 11 ee Fig. 1 . Not surprisingly many of the usual suspects of embryonic patterning signals i.e. SHH FGFs TGF-ps. and Wnts have been implicated as potential activators and repressors although a direct link .
