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(BQ) Part 2 book "Cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics" presentation of content: Cardiovascular Drug–Drug interactions, pediatric cardiovascular pharmacology, drug therapy of cerebrovascular disease, drug treatment of peripheral vascular disorders, cytokines and myocardial regeneration,. | Part 3 Special Topics Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Preventing and Treating Cardiovascular Disease 30 William H. Frishman, MD M ore and more individuals are looking outside the borders of conventional medicine for at least part of their health care needs.1 In the United States, more visits are being made to nonconventional healers than to physicians, at an annual cost of over $30 billion; most of this cost is out-of-pocket. As a health care discipline, alternative medicine is defined as those medical approaches that in the past were not traditionally addressed in allopathic medical schools. Complementary medicine is a term first used in Great Britain to describe the use of alternative medicine as an adjunct to, and not primarily a replacement for, conventional medical care. In the 21st century, there is an ongoing effort to integrate complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into conventional medicine practice (Integrative Medicine). In 1998, the National Institutes of Health, recognizing the need to vigorously evaluate CAM therapies, created the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), which supports ongoing scientific research and educational programs.2 In recent years, multiple hospitals have formed Centers of Integrative Medicine, and many allopathic medical schools are now offering course work in CAM. CAM therapies have been used to treat cardiovascular disorders. However, the use of CAM for treating cardiovascular disease is a highly charged subject with both critics and proponents.3 CAM therapies are a challenge to the scientific training of many cardiovascular physicians, with most positive observations being considered a placebo effect (see Chapter 2, The Placebo Effect in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease), which has been shown to be very powerful in patients with cardiovascular disease, especially in those who participate in randomized clinical trials (Table 30-1).4 A recent study with patient-based
