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(BQ) Part 2 book "Textbook of diagnostic sonography" presents the following contents: The thyroid and parathyroid glands, the scrotum, the musculoskeletal system, neonatal echoencephalography, the pediatric abdomen, the neonatal and pediatric kidneys and adrenal glands,. | Part II Component of the Spinal Canal Spinal Dural Sac Nerve Root Cuffs Rootlets and Nerve Roots 19 Miguel Angel Reina Anna Oliva Anna Carrera Jorge Diamantopoulos and Alberto Prats-Galino Nerve rootlets leave the spinal cord at the anterolateral and posterolateral sulci. Anterior rootlets contain predominantly efferent fibers from the anterior horn and carry motor signals to voluntary muscles. At thoracic and upper lumbar regions they also carry preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the lateral horns. Posterior rootlets are prolongations of pseudounipolar nerve cells located at dorsal root ganglions DRGs . Rootlets join to form the anterior roots from 6 to 8 anterior rootlets and posterior roots from 8 to 10 posterior rootlets 1-5 . This chapter describes the different features of rootlets and nerve roots anterior and posterior present on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the spinal cord. It also highlights the characteristics of the dural sac at different levels of the spinal cord and the differences arising between the ventral and dorsal surfaces in contact with vertebral bodies and discs and between their dorsal surfaces adjacent to the vertebral lami-nas and ligamentum flavum 1-5 . Other contrasting features are the varying length and diameter of the dural cuffs and dorsal root ganglia along the spinal column Figs. 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 19.15 19.16 19.17 19.18 19.19 19.20 19.21 19.22 19.23 19.24 19.25 19.26 19.27 19.28 19.29 19.30 and 19.31 . M.A. Reina MD PhD Department of Clinical Medical Sciences and Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine School of Medicine University of CEU San Pablo Madrid Spain Department of Anesthesiology Madrid-Monteprincipe University Hospital Madrid Spain e-mail miguelangel@perticone.e.telefonica.net A. Oliva MD Laboratory of Macro-Micro Dissection and Surgical Anatomy Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain Rehabilitation Unit
