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C++ Lab 1 Introduction

Required terminology and general information for this chapter: Program – a series of instructions for a computer to execute. Programming languages: Machine, Assembly, and High Level How the first computers were programmed? By manually connecting wires. Machine language: programs and data were entered into the computer using zeros and ones. All operation codes (opcodes) and operands were entered in binary numbers. Machine language is the machine "understandable" language. It does not matter what other languages are used to program, eventually all programs and data will have to be translated into a "machine executable" format. Assembly Language: An easier programming language. | C Lab 1 Introduction Required terminology and general information for this chapter Program - a series of instructions for a computer to execute. Programming languages Machine Assembly and High Level How the first computers were programmed By manually connecting wires. Machine language programs and data were entered into the computer using zeros and ones. All operation codes opcodes and operands were entered in binary numbers. Machine language is the machine understandable language. It does not matter what other languages are used to program eventually all programs and data will have to be translated into a machine executable format. Assembly Language An easier programming language than machine language where programs are written using familiar symbols for example A for add . The operands could be in binary hexadecimal or decimal format. For every machine language code there needs to be one assembly language code. The program was not shorter just easier to write. Once the program was written in assembly language it had to be compiled to produce the machine executable code in order to run the program. The compiler used is called an ASSEMBLER. High Level Language Included are languages such as Fortran Formula Translator COBOL Common Business Oriented Language BASIC Beginner s All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code Pascal C Ada and many more. Programs are much shorter than lower level languages. Each instruction is converted to several machine executable codes. This conversion is done in three steps preprocessing compiling and linking. An original program written using an EDITOR in a high level language is known as the Source Code. A compiled program is called the Object Code and the linked program is called the Executable Code. Examples of files created in each stage are Carpet.CPP Carpet.OBJ and Carpet.EXE Syntax Rules for constructing a legal sentence in a programming language. If a program has syntax errors it will not compile. Therefore it produces compile time .