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The epidermal mucus of fish species has been found to contain antimicro-bial proteins and peptides, which is of interest in regard to fish immunity. An acidic extract from the epidermal mucus of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) was found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against Bacillus mega-terium, Escherichia coli andCandida albicans. This activity varied signifi-cantly when salt was added to the antimicrobial assay, and was eliminated by pepsin digestion. | iFEBS Journal Isolation and identification of antimicrobial components from the epidermal mucus of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Gudmundur Bergsson1 Birgitta Agerberth1 Hans Jornvall1 and Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson2 1 Department of MedicalBiochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden 2 Institute of Biology University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland Keywords antimicrobial activity innate immunity fish antimicrobialpolypeptides mucus Correspondence G. Bergsson Department of Medical Biochemistry Karolinska Institutet SE-171 77 Stockholm Sweden Fax 46 8 337462 Tel 46 8 524 87699 E-mail bergsson@here.is Received 22 June 2005 revised 2 August 2005 accepted 5 August 2005 doi 10.1111 j.1742-4658.2005.04906.x The epidermal mucus of fish species has been found to contain antimicrobial proteins and peptides which is of interest in regard to fish immunity. An acidic extract from the epidermal mucus of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua was found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against Bacillus mega-terium Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. This activity varied significantly when salt was added to the antimicrobial assay and was eliminated by pepsin digestion. No lysozyme activity was detected in the extract. By using weak cationic exchange chromatography together with reversed-phase chromatography and monitoring the antimicrobial activity we have isolated four cationic proteins from the mucus extract. Using N-terminal and C-terminal amino acid sequence analysis together with MS the antimicrobial proteins were identified as histone H2B 13 565 Da ribosomal protein L40 6397 Da ribosomal protein L36A 12 340 Da and ribosomal protein L35 14 215 Da . The broad spectra of antimicrobial activities in the cod mucus and the characterization of four antimicrobial polypeptides suggest that mucus compounds contribute to the innate host defence of cod. The Atlantic cod Gadus morhua is widespread in the North Atlantic. It is an ectothermic cold-water species that generally .
