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An automatic essay paraphrasing system, written in JOVIAL, produces essay-like paraphrases of input texts written in a subset of English. The format and content of the essay paraphrase are controlled by an outline that is part of the input text. An individual sentence in the paraphrase may often reflect the content of several sentences in the input text. The system uses dependency rather than transformational criteria, and future versions of the system may come to resemble a dynamic implementation of a stratificational model of grammar | Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics vol.8 nos.3 and 4 June and October 1965 Automatic Paraphrasing in Essay Format by Sheldon Klein Carnegie Institute of Technology and System Development Corporation An automatic essay paraphrasing system written in JOVIAL produces essay-like paraphrases of input texts written in a subset of English. The format and content of the essay paraphrase are controlled by an outline that is part of the input text. An individual sentence in the paraphrase may often reflect the content of several sentences in the input text. The system uses dependency rather than transformational criteria and future versions of the system may come to resemble a dynamic implementation of a stratificational model of grammar. Introduction This paper describes a computer program written in JOVIAL for the Philco 2000 computer that accepts as input an essay of up to 300 words in length and yields as output an essay-type paraphrase that is a summary of the content of the source text. Although no transformations are used the content of several sentences in the input text may be combined into a single sentence in the output. The format of the output essay may be varied by adjustment of program parameters. In addition the system occasionally inserts subject or object pronouns in its paraphrases to avoid repetitious style. The components of the system include a phrase structure and dependency parser a routine for establishing dependency links across sentences a program for generating coherent sentence paraphrases randomly with respect to order and repetition of source text subject matter a control system for determining the logical sequence of the paraphrase sentences and a routine for inserting pronouns. The present version of the system requires that individual word class assignments be part of the information supplied with a source text and also that the grammatical structure of the sentences in the source conform to the limitations of a very small
