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There is a clear opportunity to improve new car fuel economy 30% by 2020 and 50% by 2030, in a cost-effective manner (e.g. low or negative cost per tonne of CO2). Improving the efficiency of new cars at this rate would make possible a 50% im- provement in the average fuel economy of all cars on the road worldwide by 2050. This view is supported by academic engineers and the car manufacturing industry, as presenta- tions at the 2008 International Transport Forum in Leipzig suggested5 , and by the analysis presented in the IEA’s report, Energy Technology Perspec- tives 2008 (IEA, 2008). Professor Julia. | Special Feature Air Pollution Control Technologies Compressed air car S.S. Thipse It is hard to believe that compressed air can be used to drive vehicles. However that is true and the air car as it is popularly known has caught the attention of researchers worldwide. It has zero emissions and is ideal for city driving conditions. MDI is one company that holds the international patents for the compressed air car. Although it seems to be an environmentally-friendly solution one must consider its well to wheel efficiency. The electricity requirement for compressing air has to be considered while computing overall efficiency. Nevertheless the compressed air vehicle will contribute to reducing urban air pollution in the long run. Dr. S.S. Thipse Assistant Director Engine Development Laboratory Automotive Research Association of India ARAI P O. Box No. 832 Pune 411044 India Tel 91-20 3023 1434 E-mail thipse. edl@araiindia. com The history of compressed air vehicles One cannot accurately claim that compressed air as an energy and locomotion vector is recent technology. At the end of the 19th century the first approximations to what could one day become a compressed air driven vehicle already existed with the arrival of the first pneumatic locomotives. In fact two centuries before that Dennis Papin apparently came up with the idea of using compressed air Royal Society London 1687 . In 1872 the Mekarski air engine was used for street transit consisting of a singlestage engine. It represented an extremely important advance in terms of pneumatic engines due to its forward thinking use of thermodynamics which ensured that the air was heated by passing it through tanks of boiling water which also increased its range between fill-ups. Numerous locomotives were manufactured and a number of regular lines were opened up the first in Nantes in 1879 . In 1892 Robert Hardie introduced a new method of heating that at the same time served to increase the range of the engine. However the
