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From the epididymis, sperm move into the vas deferens, the begin- ning of their pathway out of the body. As sperm move through the vas deferens, a number of glands add fluids. Sperm and these added fluids make up the semen. In fact, most of the semen is not sperm. Instead, it consists mostly of fructose, a sugar that provides an additional source of energy for the sperm. Prostaglandins are also found in the semen. Prostaglandins are chemicals that cause muscle contractions to occur in the female reproductive system. These contractions help move the sperm toward the egg. In addition, semen has an alkaline pH. This high pH. | April 2011 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH glance KENYA Country Context Kenya s implementation of the Economic Recovery Strategy allowed for steady economic growth between 2002 and 2007. However growth slowed again due to several factors including the post-election violence and the global economic climate. Nearly 20 percent of the population subsists on less than US 1.25 per day.1 Kenya s large share of youth population 43 percent of the country population is younger than 15 years old1 provides a window of opportunity for high growth and poverty re-duction the demographic dividend. But for this opportunity to result in accelerated growth the government needs to invest in the human capital formation of its youth. This is especially important in a context of decelerated growth rate arising from the global recession and the country s exposure to high volatility in commodity prices. Gender equality and women s empowerment are important for improving reproductive health. Higher levels of women s autonomy education wages and labor market participation are associated with improved reproductive health outcomes.2 In Kenya the literacy rate among females ages 15 and above is 83 percent. Fewer girls are enrolled in secondary schools compared to boys with ratio of female to male secondary enrollment of 92 percent.1 Nearly 75 percent of adult women participate in the labor force1 that mostly involves work in agriculture. Forty-five percent of all women report having experienced physical and sexual violence. Gender inequalities are reflected in the country s human development ranking Kenya ranks 127 of 157 countries in the Gender-related Development Index.3 Economic progress and greater investment in human capital of women will not necessarily translate into better reproductive outcomes if women lack access to reproductive health services It is thus important to ensure that health systems provide a basic package of reproductive health services including family planning.2 Kenya MDG 5 Status
