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A science of positive subjective experience, positive individual traits, and positive institutions promises to improve quali~.' of life and prevent the pathologies that arise when life is barren and meaningless. The exclusive focus on pathology that has dominated so much of our discipline results in a model of the human being lacking the positive features that make life worth living. Hope, wisdom, creativity, future mindedness, courage, spirituality, responsibility, and perseverance are ignored or explained as transformations of more authentic negative impulses. The 15 articles in this millennial issue of the American Psychologist discuss such issues as what enables happiness, the effects of autonomy and self-regulation, how optimism and hope affect health, what constitutes. | AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 7.0 o o o I o DECADE ợ BEHAVIOR Special Issue on Happiness Excellence and Optimal Human Functioning Sunrise Sunset Gaylord Hassan Journal o the American Psychological Association January 2000 Volume 55 Number 1 ISSN 0003-0Ó6X ISBN 1-55798-704- January 2000 AMERICAN _ PSYCHOLOGIST Volume 55 Number 1 Special Issue Positive Psychology Guest Editors Martin E. p. Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi Positive Psychology An Introduction Martin E. p. Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi 5 The Evolution of Happiness David M. Buss 15 Individual Development in Fausto Massimini and Antonella Delle Fave 24 a Bio-Cultural Perspective Subjective Well-Being The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a National Index Ed Diener 34 The Future of Optimism Christopher Peterson 44 The Funds Friends and Faith of Happy People David G. Myers 56 Editor Section Editors Associate Editors Raymond D. Fowler James L. Pate Patrick H. DeLeon William Bevan History of Psychology Psychology in the Managing Editor and Obituaries Public Forum Kenneth J. Gergen Melissa G. Warren Lyle E. Bourne Jr. Denise c. Park Science Watch Science Watch Bernadette Gray-Little Journal of the American Psychological Association On the cover Sunrise Sunset Sun Series 3 1980 by Gaylord Hassan Oil on canvas 60 inches by 48 inches. Copyright by Gaylord Hassan. Licensed by VAGA New York NY. Direct inquiries to VAGA 212 736-6767. Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation Social Development and Well-Being Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci 68 Self-Determination The Tyranny of Freedom Barry Schwartz 79 Adaptive Mental Mechanisms Their Role in a Positive Psychology George E. Vaillant 89 Psychological Resources Positive illusions and Health Shelley E. Taylor Margaret E. Kemeny 99 Geoffrey M. Reed Julienne E. Bower and Tara L. Gruenewald Emotional States and Physical Health Peter Salovey Alexander J. Rothman 110 Jerusha B. Detweiler and Wayne T. Steward Wisdom A Metaheuristic .
