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HIV-1 is a retrovirus that causes AIDS in humans. The RNA genome of the virus encodes a Gag polyprotein, which is further processed into matrix, capsid and nucleocapsid proteins. These proteins play a significant role at several steps in the viral life cycle. | MINIREVIEW The capsid protein of human immunodeficiency virus interactions of HIV-1 capsid with host protein factors Anjali P. Mascarenhas1 and Karin Musier-Forsyth1 2 1 Department of Chemistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA 2 Department of Biochemistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Keywords cyclophilin A cyclophilins Gag HIV-1 capsid Lysyl-tRNA synthetase TRIM proteins TRIMa tRNA primer packaging viral assembly Correspondence K. Musier-Forsyth The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA Fax 1 614 688 5402 Tel 1 614 292 2021 E-mail musier@chemistry.ohio-state.edu Received 9 March 2009 revised 3 July 2009 accepted 29 July 2009 doi 10.1111 j.1742-4658.2009.07315.x HIV-1 is a retrovirus that causes AIDS in humans. The RNA genome of the virus encodes a Gag polyprotein which is further processed into matrix capsid and nucleocapsid proteins. These proteins play a significant role at several steps in the viral life cycle. In addition various stages of assembly infection and replication of the virus involve necessary interactions with a large number of supplementary proteins cofactors within the infected host cell. This minireview focuses on the proteomics of the capsid protein its influence on the packaging of nonviral molecules into HIV-1 virions and the subsequent role of the molecules themselves. These interactions and their characterization present novel frontiers for the design and advancement of antiviral therapeutics. Introduction On the entry of HIV-1 into the cytoplasm of the host cell retroviral single-stranded RNA is reverse transcribed into double-stranded DNA which is translocated into the nucleus for integration into the host DNA. Transcription of viral DNA yields two large viral proteins Gag 55 kDa and GagPol 160 kDa which interact with each other during viral assembly 1-4 . Gag consists of three major proteins matrix MA capsid CA and nucleocapsid NC each of which play a significant role in the internal .
