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There are three common sources within Indigenous knowledge inquiry. Mohawk scholar Marlene Brant Castellano suggests that Indigenous knowledge has a multiplicity of sources, including traditional, spiritual, and empirical (Dei, Hall and Rosenthal, 2000). The plurality of Indigenous knowledge engages a holistic paradigm that acknowledges the emotional, spiritual, physical, and mental well-being of a people. An Indigenous knowledge framework is developed to address critical issues of colonialism appropriating Indigenous authority, of misrepresentation, and of using western cultural constructs of “valid empirical research” to marginalize Indigenous ways of knowing (Dei, Hall and Rosenburg, 2000; Battiste and Henderson, 2000; Smith, 1999). . | Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Faculty of Pain Medicine acute pain .MANAGEMENT SCIENTIFIC EWDENCEJ Third Edition 2010 Edited by Pamela E MacIntyre David A Scott Stephan A Schug Eric Visser Suellen M Walker Acute Pain Management Scientific Evidence Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Faculty of Pain Medicine ANZCA COLLEGE OF ANAESTHETISTS Endorsed by Faculty of Pain Medicine Royal College of Anaesthetists United Kingdom Royal College of Anaesthetists United Kingdom Australian Pain Society Australasian Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine College of Anaesthesiologists Academy of Medicine Malaysia College of Anaesthesiologists Academy of Medicine Singapore College of Intensive Care Medicine of Australia and New Zealand Faculty of Pain Medicine College of Anaesthetists of Ireland Hong Kong College of Anaesthesiologists Hong Kong Pain Society Malaysian Association for the Study of Pain New Zealand Pain Society Pain Association of Singapore Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Royal Australasian College of Physicians Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Recommended to members American Academy of Pain Medicine Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council N H M R c Approved by the NHMRC on 4 February 2010 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists 2010 ISBN Print 978-0-977517-4-4-2 Online 978-0-9775174-5-9 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from ANZCA. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Chief Executive Officer Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists 630 St Kilda Road Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia. Website www.anzca.edu.au Email ceoanzca@anzca.edu.au This document should be cited as Macintyre PE Schug SA Scott DA Visser EJ Walker SM APM SE Working Group of the Australian and New Zealand .
