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Một bản tóm tắt các cơ hội cho các công nghệ màng trong điều trị của các dòng quá trình khai thác mỏ và khoáng sản đã được trình bày bởi Awadalla và Kumar (4). Nghiên cứu này chỉ ra một loạt các ứng dụng bao gồm cả mỏ thoát nước axit (AMD), xử lý nước nổi, | cells in a rectangular reaction tank. A high-voltage electrode coated with polyethylene is wound on the perforated baffle plate separating the extraction and stripping cell. When a high-voltage electrostatic field is applied to the reaction tank the aqueous drops in the organic continuous phase disintegrate into numerous smaller droplets under the action of the electrostatic field. This provides a great deal of surface area for separation. The extractant dissolved in the continuous organic phase acts as a shuttle to transport metal ions from the extraction cell to the stripping cell. A summary of opportunities for membrane technologies in the treatment of mining and mineral process streams was presented by Awadalla and Kumar 4 . This study indicated a variety of applications including acid mine drainage AMD treatment of flotation water copper smelting and refining wastewater mill wastewater removal of ammonium and nitrate ions membranes in the aluminum industry treatment of groundwater treatment of uranium wastewater treatment of dilute gold cyanide solutions recovery of zinc from pond water rare earth RE concentration and separation of selenium from barren solution. AMD contains pollutants such as iron manganese calcium magnesium and sulfate ions. Although lime neutralization is considered the best available technology economically achievable it is no longer considered environmentally acceptable because of the low-level contamination of heavy metals which cannot be removed. Alternatively almost complete removal of dissolved solids can be achieved by the use of ion exchange distillation and reverse osmosis RO to produce high-quality water which can be used by municipalities or industry. The use of RO is best implemented as a supplement to neutralization processes. The RO concentrate stream is neutralized and clarified prior to discharge or recycled. Coupled RO ion exchange can be used when high concentration of calcium sulfate and or iron fouling is a problem. For
