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Indicators reveal children are somewhat better off in urban areas than their rural counterparts. However, analysis of data show a growing “urban penalty” related to numbers of the urban poor and deteriorating conditions. Malnutrition is also becoming more of an urban problem, related to higher food costs, reliance on a cash economy and unsanitary conditions.116 The urban poor live in informal settlements without the secure tenure that protects them from eviction. The lack of a legal address can also mean disenfranchisement and difficulty to access services (e.g. schools and clinics) and infrastructure (e.g. provision for water,117 sanitation,118 drainage and waste removal). The implications for children are profound. The concentration of human and household wastes in poor urban. | South Africa Stop Making Excuses Accountability for Maternal Health Care in South Africa C H Stop Making Excuses Accountability for Maternal Health Care in South Africa Copyright 2011 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 1-56432-798-1 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue 34th floor New York NY 10118-3299 USA Tel 1 212 290 4700 Fax 1 212 736 1300 hrwnyc@hrw.org PoststraBe 4-5 10178 Berlin Germany Tel 49 30 2593 06-10 Fax 49 30 2593 0629 berlin@hrw.org Avenue des Gaulois 7 1040 Brussels Belgium Tel 32 2 732 2009 Fax 32 2 732 0471 hrwbe@hrw.org 51 Avenue Blanc 1202 Geneva Switzerland Tel 41 22 738 0481 Fax 41 22 738 1791 hrwgva@hrw.org First Floor Audrey House 16-20 Ely Place London EC1N 6SN UK Tel 44 20 7713 1995 Fax 44 20 7713 1800 hrwuk@hrw.org 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris France Tel 33 1 43 59 55 35 Fax 33 1 43 59 55 22 paris@hrw.org 1630 Connecticut Avenue N.W. Suite 500 Washington DC 20009 USA Tel 1 202 612 4321 Fax 1 202 612 4333 hrwdc@hrw.org 1st Fl Wilds View Isle of Houghton Boundary Road Parktown 2198 South Africa Web Site Address http .
