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This paper models two key channels of contagion in nancial systems by which default may spread from one institution to another. The primary focus is on how losses can potentially spread via the complex network of direct counterparty exposures following an initial default. But, as Cifuentes et al (2005) and Shin (2008) stress, the knock-on effects of distress at some nancial institutions on asset prices can force other nancial entities to write down the value of their assets, and we also model the potential for this effect to trigger further rounds of default. Contagion due to the direct interlinkages of interbank claims and obligations may thus. | Jump tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy 3rd Edition 2007 National Standards in K-12 Personal Finance Education With Benchmarks Knowledge Statements and Glossary Financial smarts For students Jump tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy 919 18th Street NW Suite 300 Washington DC 20006-5517 Phone 888-45 EDUCATE www.jumpstartcoalition.org Contents 1 Introduction 2 Uses for the National Standards 3 Organization of the Standards 4 The Standards 6 How the National Standards Evolved 7 The Jump tart Coalition and Its Mission 8 Financial Responsibility and Decision Making 11 Income and Careers 13 Planning and Money Management 17 Credit and Debt 20 Risk Management and Insurance 23 Saving and Investing 27 Knowledge Statements 33 Glossary 44 Independent Reviewers Special thanks to the Federal Reserve Board and its staff for the original design and layout of this .
