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Đối với những người bạn đặt câu hỏi về sự liên quan của mầm bệnh trong thế giới hiện đại ngày nay, chúng ta hãy đi du lịch đến Ấn Độ vào tháng Tám năm 1994. Surat và huyện Beed bệnh dịch hạch thể phổi bùng phát dịch là một ví dụ gần như quá hoàn hảo không để xử lý các ổ dịch ban đầu của một bệnh truyền nhiễm. | 14 INFECTIOUS DISEASES CASE STUDY 1994 RODENT RAIN For those of you questioning the relevancy of the plague in today s modern world let s travel to India in August of 1994. The Surat and Beed district pneumonic plague outbreak is almost too perfect an example of how not to handle the initial outbreak of an infectious disease. It s estimated that the outbreak cost India 600 million at a time before the Indian economy could handle such a setback. The economic areas impacted were the usual suspects tourism international travel and exports. It got so bad that the United Arab Emirates was reported to have cut off postal links with India out of fear that the plague would spread via mail. It is also eerie how the conditions prior to the outbreak mimic what was occurring in the fourteenth century. According to Indian government officials at the time only 13 percent of India s 900 million people had access to proper sanitation and only 60 percent of the garbage generated each day in India s three largest cities was picked up. The population was under duress or stress from the earthquake that had occurred in September 1993. In the Indian state of Maharashtra between 10 000 and 20 000 people died from the earthquake. The reason for the wide range in estimated loss of life is that many of those who died were very poor and the number of deaths of the poor are only estimated in India. Unfortunately many of these dead were not buried properly which provided an ample source of food for rats. At that time in the neighboring state of Gujarat many of Surat s 1.5 million inhabitants lived outside the city limits in squalid shantytowns according to Judith B. Tysmans in her article Plague in India 1994 Conditions Containment Goals The conditions of these slums in August 1994 were typical of shantytowns all over India Open sewers tightly clustered shelters made of cement or plastic sheets rotting animal carcasses heaps of garbage and pools of stagnant water filled the alleys. Floods in .