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Electric Vehicles The Benefits and Barriers Part 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'electric vehicles the benefits and barriers part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 149 Integration of Electric Vehicles in the Electric Utility Systems This difference in costs that is reflected more or less in the regulated prices between peak and off-peak consumption should influence EVs recharging profiles. 3. Electric vehicle modelling Electric drive vehicles with the plug-in capability are only beginning to be commercially available. It would be necessary to have an idea of the capability of mass production and market penetration of these vehicles depending on their critical components development phases namely the most critical element - the battery . The type of mobility provided by the plug in vehicles will be an important aspect because it influences vehicle s charging needs. The demand side of the transportation sector needs to be studied and it is inevitable that the consumer passenger behavior will deeply affect future mobility. Each country s fleet profile is largely dependent on economical and political taxation aspects for instance Portugal has a relatively new fleet but it is very difficult to access the fleet s renovation rate because there are few incentives to disposal. However these will be crucial aspects as they will be relevant to the new vehicle technologies market penetration. The EV s energy requirements and the expected power capacity in terms of the charging circuit and the capacity of the batteries are important requisites that define the time needed for charging and the all-electric autonomy of the vehicle. The expected evolution of the grid capacity to support recharge at any time and the energy production technologies are important to compute EVs energy use and emissions associated. In isolated regions such as Islands the introduction of intermittent renewable has more problems because it is not connected to a robust large Continental grid. How to benefit from using off-peak capacity and the possibility of the charging coincides with renewable energy sources 3.1 Energy needs How much power can be provided to an EV