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ông tiếp tục, cung cấp cho anh ta vớimột quỹ kinh nghiệm là sở hữu chung của tất cả các nền kinh tế thực hành người. Đây là những kinh nghiệm rằng tất cả các nhà lý luận đã được tìm thấy bên trong mình mà không cần phải nghỉ mát cho các thủ tục đặc biệt về khoa học. | Introduction xxxvii the mainstream approach to value utility theory which conceived of value as a bilateral relation between a human being and an economic good the human psyche was the common denominator for the economic significance of all goods. Satisfaction or utility was the constant measuring rod for goods of all times and places. By contrast in Mises s value theory which conceived of value as a trilateral relationship there was no such common denominator. The value of a good was its being preferred or not being preferred to other goods subject to the same choice. Value was therefore not an entity independent of the specific circumstances of time and space rather it was ever bound up with specific circumstances and meant different things in different economic settings. According to the mainstream approach the amount of utility derived from a good could be different in different situations. According to Mises the very meaning of the value of a good was different when the economic context changed because the good would then be compared preferred not preferred to different goods.46 In his words Acts of valuation are not susceptible of any kind of measurement. It is true that everybody is able to say whether a certain piece of bread seems more valuable to him than a certain piece of iron or less valuable than a certain piece of meat. And it is therefore true that everybody is in a position to draw up an immense list of comparative values a list which will hold good only for a given point of time since it must assume a given combination of wants and commodities. . economic activity has no other basis than the value scales thus constructed by individuals. An exchange will take place when two commodity units are placed in a different order on the value scales of two different persons. In a market exchanges will continue until it is no longer possible for reciprocal surrender of commodities by any two individuals to result in 46Mises s preference theory of value was .
