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Hành vi "là toàn thể những phản ứng của cơ thể, nhằm đáp ứng lại kích thích ngoại giới" hành động hoặc phản ứng của đối tượng (khách thể) hoặc sinh vật, thường sử dụng trong sự tác động đến môi trường, xã hội. | 426 Building Blocks of Rule Representation into the same striosome Yeterian and Van Hoesen 1978 Van Hoesen et al. 1981 Flaherty and Graybiel 1991 . For example both sensory and motor areas relating to the arm seem to preferentially innervate the same striosome. The segregated nature of BG inputs are maintained throughout the different nuclei such that the output from the BG via the thalamus is largely to the same cortical areas that gave rise to the initial inputs into the BG Selemon and Goldman-Rakic 1985 Parasarathy et al. 1992 . Additionally the frontal cortex receives the largest portion of BG outputs suggesting a close collaboration between these structures Middleton and Strick 1994 2000 2002 . The majority of neurons found in both the striosome and the matrix are spiny cells as high as 90 Kemp and Powell 1971 . These neurons are so named for the high density of synaptic boutons along their dendritic arbor due to the convergent nature of cortical inputs. Along with the cortical inputs spiny cells receive a strong dopaminergic DA input from neurons in the midbrain. These DA neurons have been suggested to provide a reward-based teaching signal that gates plasticity in the striatum. All of this has suggested that the striatum has an ideal infrastructure for rapid supervised learning i.e. the quick formation of connections between cortical inputs that predict reward . This is exactly the type of learning that supports the imprinting of specific stimulus-response pairing that supports concrete rules. Finally it is important to note that there are functional and anatomical differences between the dorsal and ventral striatum. The dorsal striatum is more associated with the PFC and the stimulus-response-reward learning that is the subject of this chapter. The ventral striatum is more connected with the sensory cortex and seems to be more involved in learning the reward value of stimuli see O Doherty et al. 2004 . DOPAMINERGIC TEACHING SIGNALS The formation of rules .
