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Với một số kinh nghiệm máy tính, bạn có thể có thể tìm ra, ví dụ, làm thế nào để thêm một người sử dụng, thay đổi thời gian và ngày, và cấu hình một card âm thanh từ một giao diện. Đối với các trường hợp như thế này, chúng tôi sẽ đề cập đến đồ họa công cụ bạn có thể sử dụng cho công việc. Đối với các trường hợp sau đây, tuy nhiên, bạn có thể sẽ cần phải dựa trên dòng lệnh: ❑ Hầu như. | Chapter 2 Installing Ubuntu and Adding Software Table 2-7 shows some of the most useful options for running debsums. See the man page for debsums to reveal all detailed information. Table 2-7 Some Common debsums Options debsum c ommand What It Does debsums -a Checks all files including configuration files which are by default left out . debsums -e Checks config files for packages only. debsums -c Lists only changed files to stdout. debsums -l Lists files that don t have md5sum info. debsums -s Lists only errors otherwise be silent. debsums package names Lists the packages you want debsums to analyze. NOTE For many operations you won t need to run this utility as root using sudo . Some files may not have read access by regular users so the use of sudo will be required if you get a message like this debsums can t open at file etc at.deny Permission denied . If you run debsums with no options it will check every file on the system that it knows about. The output can be redirected to a file if needed for later. The file name debsums prints out will be accompanied by an OK status on the right side of the output if the md5sum checks out for the file. Other messages may be printed out such as md5sums missing for a certain file or the word REPLACED if the md5sum does not match. You will need to be wary of false positives. If you want to use this tool as a baseline for assessments at a later date you will want to get everything set up the way you want and re-generate md5sums for stuff that is missing or incorrect. That way you know you have the latest info. This command will check every file on the system against the stock md5sum files. You can see there are some missing and replaced files. You would want to verify the system does not already have problems with these files before you re-generate md5sums for everything debsums usr bin acpi OK usr share man man1 acpi.1.gz OK usr share doc acpi README OK usr share doc acpi AUTHORS OK 42 Chapter 2 Installing Ubuntu and Adding .
