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General speaking, metalworking mass production techniques can be traced back to the 16th century, but it was really not until the late 18th century that engineers in the industrialised countries paid close attention to increasing production, due to the vast rise in their populations and significant industrial growth. In Europe at that time, two countries where important areas of applied machining and fluid research were . | Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http www.simpopdf.com 8 Cutting Fluids Everything flows and nothing abides HERACLITUS 540 - 480 BC An early Metaphysician from Ephesus Asia Minor in On Nature 382 Chapter 8 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http www.simpopdf.com 8.1 Historical Development of Cutting Fluids General speaking metalworking mass production techniques can be traced back to the 16th century but it was really not until the late 18th century that engineers in the industrialised countries paid close attention to increasing production due to the vast rise in their populations and significant industrial growth. In Europe at that time two countries where important areas of applied machining and fluid research were being pursued was in France where the machining of metals was being investigated and developed into a science - specifically in terms of the effects of tool feeding and lubrication and its affect on surface finish also in the mid-19th century in England where the effects of water as a coolant to enhance tool performance was also studied. Thus as these research activities progressed complementary advances were taking place into the study of tool materials their heat treatment and in particular tool hardening techniques. As has happened on many occasions in the past considerable advances took place as a result of the enormous demands for armament manufacturers and their production needs during times of war significantly adding advancements and refinements to the machine tools tooling as well as for lubricants. As these research programmes developed it soon became clear that for cutting fluids while water may have had the optimum specific heat capacity of all available fluids it brought real problems due to corrosion of the machined components and to the exposed surfaces of machine tools. Frequently such related losses far outweighed the benefits of increased production throughput and the improvement in tool life that it .
