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Tham khảo tài liệu 'intelligent vehicle technology and trends episode 1 part 5', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 62 Government-Industry R D Programs and Strategies goal of encouraging fleets to purchase these systems in large numbers. Forward collision warning lane departure warning and rollover collision avoidance systems are being emphasized. Special Vehicle Driver Support IV technology shows great promise in supporting professional drivers who must operate in degraded conditions. A key example is winter operations for snowplow police and ambulance drivers. The U.S. DOT is working with Minnesota DOT and the University of Minnesota to evaluate a driver-assist system that indicates the vehicle position within the travel lane on a heads-up display even when visibility is at or near zero due to blowing snow. The lane information relies on differential GPS which is augmented by magnetic markings in the pavement. Forward and side-looking collision avoidance provides warnings as to any obstacles ahead. Transit Bus Collision Warning Systems 36 The Federal Transit Administration FTA has partnered with researchers and transit agencies across the United States to prototype and evaluate collision warning systems for forward side and rear-impact collisions. While the overall safety record of bus transit is good minor forms of such collisions are not uncommon and the resulting costs are significant it has been estimated that these costs are as high as 800 million annually in the United States mainly due to legal costs and damage awards from lawsuits. The outcome of the FTA R D program will be performance specifications for such systems to guide commercial developers and transit agencies in commercialization. In addition optimum driver-vehicle interfaces are being investigated particularly for the case of a system that integrates all of these functions into a single system. Specific activities are described in Chapters 6 and 8. New Initiatives 37 In 2004 the U.S. DOT ITS program was reorganized into a focused set of nine initiatives. These are listed as follows Mobility services for all .
