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To enhance learning (RL) is a branch en ot the foundation cial intelligence and has been one of the central themes in a wide range of scientifi c fi elds final two decades. Understanding of the RL is expected to provide a systematic understanding the adaptive behaviors, including simple things of classical and operant animal as well as all acts of social and economic complexity of the human is designed to ts maximize the effect, and also very helpful in learning computer and robot. RL aims to fi nd mapping from situations to appropriate actions, in which a reward is maxi- mized | APPLICATION OF THERMODYNAMICS TO BIOLOGICAL AND MATERIALS SCIENCE Edited by Tadashi Mizutani INTECHWEB.ORG Application of Thermodynamics to Biological and Materials Science Edited by Tadashi Mizutani Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9 51000 Rijeka Croatia Copyright 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license which permits to copy distribute transmit and adapt the work in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech authors have the right to republish it in whole or part in any publication of which they are the author and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials instructions methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ana Nikolic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright Guido Vrola 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published January 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Application of Thermodynamics to Biological and Materials Science Edited by Tadashi Mizutani p. c m. ISBN 978-953-307-980-6 I kfTC LI OPEN ACCESS INI Evn PUBLISHER INTECH open free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at .
