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Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified - part 3

Kiểm tra phòng thí nghiệm thường được sử dụng để xác nhận sự hiện diện và loại chất lỏng, điện giải, hoặc sự mất cân bằng acid-base bệnh nhân đang trải qua. Điều Dưỡng đánh giá thường phục vụ để xác nhận hoặc mâu thuẫn với những phát hiện trong phòng thí nghiệm và tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho việc chẩn đoán | C 30 Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified 43 Determine nursing assessments that are consistent with electrolyte imbalances. 44 Evaluate laboratory values and assessment data for indications of acid-base imbalance. Key Terms Edema Mucous membranes Capillary refill Osmolality Hypervolemia Skin turgor Hypovolemia Overview Laboratory testing is often used to confirm the presence and type of fluid electrolyte or acid-base imbalance the patient is experiencing. Nursing assessment often serves to confirm or contradict laboratory findings and facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of imbalances. Most diagnostic testing requires an order from the primary-care provider but most nursing assessments unless truly invasive can be performed at the will of the nurse. Such assessments can be used to screen for possible imbalance or provide supporting data for diagnosis of a suspected imbalance and suggest the need for further more invasive testing. Laboratory testing involves collection of specimens often blood and urine and analysis of those specimens. Some testing can be done by the nurse but most tests are performed in a laboratory setting. Timing can be critical for some tests. Some specimens are collected over a designated time period 24-hour urine tests . If blood or urine specimens are allowed to sit for hours prior to testing the results can change and no longer be accurate e.g. hemolysis of blood cells . It is important that the nurse secure an uncontaminated specimen and perform testing or delivery to the laboratory to perform the testing within as short a time frame as possible from the time of specimen collection. CHAPTER 3 General Nursing Assessments 31 Passing the Test 24-Hour Urine Test Procedure Best to start first thing in the morning. Urinate into toilet and record time. From this point on void in urinal or specimen hat. Pour urine from collection device into storage container provided. Continue to collect urine for entire 24-hour period nights included . Do not .