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Every year, millions of miccroprocessor and microcontroller chips are sold as CPUs for general purpose computers, such as PCs or workstations, but also for devices that are not primarily used as computers,. | Realtime Operating Systems Concepts and Implementation of Microkernels for Embedded Systems Dr. Jürgen Sauermann Melanie Thelen 2 Contents List of Figures.v List of Tables.vi Preface.1 1 Requirements.3 1.1 General Requirements.3 1.2 Memory Requirements.3 1.3 Performance.4 1.4 Portability.5 2 Concepts.7 2.1 Specification and Execution of Programs.7 2.1.1 Compiling and Linking.7 2.2 Loading and Execution of Programs.11 2.3 Preemptive Multitasking.12 2.3.1 Duplication of Hardware.12 2.3.2 Task Switch.14 2.3.3 Task Control Blocks.16 2.3.4 De-Scheduling.19 2.4 Semaphores.21 2.5 Queues.26 2.5.1 Ring Buffers . 26 2.5.2 Ring Buffer with Get Semaphore.28 2.5.3 Ring Buffer with Put Semaphore.29 2.5.4 Ring Buffer with Get and Put Semaphores.30 3 Kernel Implementation.33 3.1 Kernel Architecture.33 3.2 Hardware Model.34 3.2.1 Processor.34 3.2.2 Memory Map.35 3.2.3 Peripherals.35 3.2.4 Interrupt Assignment.36 3.2.5 Data Bus Usage.36 3.3 Task Switching.39 3.4 Semaphores.46 3.4.1 Semaphore Constructors. .
