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Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 1 P11 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | 88 ADAMS JOHN QUINCY To furnish the MEANS OF ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE IS . THE GREATEST BENEFIT THAT CAN BE CONFERRED UPON MANKIND. John Quincy Adams foreign commerce. The act was opposed by the Federalists and the New England states who wanted to encourage trade with the British. They feared that the Embargo Act would stifle New England s economy. Adams voted for the Embargo Act against the wishes of his party and region believing that it benefited the nation as a whole. Adams paid the price for breaking with his party. Federalist leaders in Massachusetts who felt that Adams had betrayed them elected another man to the Senate several months before the 1808 elections. Adams resigned and later that year in a move indicative of his political independence attended a Democratic-Republican congressional caucus meeting where james madison was nominated for president thus allying himself with that party. Adams attempted to retire from public life and devote himself to a teaching position at Harvard College but the lure of public service was too strong. In 1809 President Madison persuaded him to accept an appointment as minister to Russia. In 1814 and 1815 Adams played a key role in the negotiations resulting in the Treaty of Ghent with the British ending the war of 1812. The negotiations helped Adams gain respect as a diplomat. In 1817 President james monroe called Adams back to the United States to serve as his secretary of state. Adams s most important achievement in this office was the development of the monroe doctrine. It was Adams who made the first declaration of that policy in july 1823 several months before Monroe formally announced it in his annual message to Congress on December 2 1823. At that time the United states feared that Russia intended to establish colonies in Alaska and more important that the continental European states would intervene in Central and south America to help spain recover its former colonies which had won their independence in a series of .
