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Lecture Research methods - Chapter 9: Basic analytical techniques

Lecture Research methods - Chapter 9 "Basic analytical techniques" presents the following content: Descriptive statistics, central tendencies, variability and dispersion, t/z test, ANOVA, correlation, regression. | Basic Analytical Techniques Samuel K. Frimpong (Ph.D.) Outline presentation Descriptive Statistics t/z test ANOVA Correlation Regression Descriptive Statistics Central tendencies Variability and dispersion Shape and position Specific values Percentiles and Ranks Count Central Tendencies Mean Arithmetic (AVERAGE) Geometric (GEOMAN) Harmonic (HARMEAN) Trimmed (TRIMMEAN) Median (MEDIAN) Mode (MODE) NB: Words in parentheses are excel commands Variability and Dispersion Mean average deviation (AVDEV) Squared deviation (DEVSQ) Sample Standard deviation (STDEV) Population standard deviation (STDEVP) Sample variance (VAR) Population variance (VARP) Range Shapes and Position Kurtosis (KURT) Skewness (SKEW) Standardized value or z-score (STANDARDIZE) Specific values Maximum (MAX) Minimum (MIN) Kth Largest Kth Smallest Percentiles and Ranks Nth Percentile (PERCENTILE) Quartile (QUARTILE) Rank (RANK) Percentage rank (PERCENTRANK) Counting Count of cells containing numbers (COUNT) Count of cells . | Basic Analytical Techniques Samuel K. Frimpong (Ph.D.) Outline presentation Descriptive Statistics t/z test ANOVA Correlation Regression Descriptive Statistics Central tendencies Variability and dispersion Shape and position Specific values Percentiles and Ranks Count Central Tendencies Mean Arithmetic (AVERAGE) Geometric (GEOMAN) Harmonic (HARMEAN) Trimmed (TRIMMEAN) Median (MEDIAN) Mode (MODE) NB: Words in parentheses are excel commands Variability and Dispersion Mean average deviation (AVDEV) Squared deviation (DEVSQ) Sample Standard deviation (STDEV) Population standard deviation (STDEVP) Sample variance (VAR) Population variance (VARP) Range Shapes and Position Kurtosis (KURT) Skewness (SKEW) Standardized value or z-score (STANDARDIZE) Specific values Maximum (MAX) Minimum (MIN) Kth Largest Kth Smallest Percentiles and Ranks Nth Percentile (PERCENTILE) Quartile (QUARTILE) Rank (RANK) Percentage rank (PERCENTRANK) Counting Count of cells containing numbers (COUNT) Count of cells not blank (COUNTA) Frequency (FREQUENCY) Permutation (PERMUT) t/Z tests t-test is used to compare means between two small samples Two samples assuming equal variances Two samples assuming unequal variances Paired two samples Z-test is used to compare means between two large samples ANOVA Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to examine statistical difference between means of two or more groups. e.g. MBA Accounting Regular MBA Accounting Evening MBA Accounting Weekend One-way ANOVA Two-way ANOVA Correlation Correlation is used to examine the association between two metric variables. The strength of the association is measured by the correlation coefficient. Correlation Coefficients + 1.0 0.0 Zero Correlation = the value of Y does not increase or decrease with the value of X. - 1.0 Positive Correlation = when the value of X increases, the value of Y also increases. When the value of X decreases, the value of Y also decreases. Negative Correlation = when the value of X increases, the value of Y decreases. When the value of X decreases, the value of Y increases. Rule of thumb for interpretation Range of Coefficient Strength of Association +/– .91 to +/– 1.00 Very Strong +/– .71 to +/– .90 High +/– .41 to +/– .70 Moderate +/– .21 to +/– .40 Small +/– .01 to +/– .20 Slight Regression Regression is used to establish causal relationships between dependent variable and independent variable(s) Simple or bivariate regression Multiple regression For Further Reading Classification of Statistical Techniques