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(BQ) Part 2 book "Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review" has contents: Prosthetics and orthotics, spinal cord injuries, physical modalities, therapeutic exercise, extended bedrest, and aging effects; pulmonary cardiac cancer; pediatric rehabilitation; associated topics in physical medicine and rehabilitation. | 6 PROSTHETICS AND ORTHOTICS Heikki Uustal, M.D. and Edgardo Baerga, M.D. Ⅲ GAIT ANALYSIS TERMINOLOGY: Gait cycle (Figure 6–2, Table 6–3) A single sequence of functions of one limb is called a gait cycle. It is essentially the functional unit of gait. The gait cycle has two basic components, the swing phase and the stance phase. • Stance: phase in which the limb is in contact with the ground • Swing: phase in which the foot is in the air for limb advancement. A gait cycle is also referred to as a stride. Stride (Stride length): Linear distance between corresponding successive points of contact of the same foot (e.g., distance measured from heel strike to heel strike of the same foot) (Figure 6–1) Step (Step Length): Linear distance in the plane of progression between corresponding successive contact points of opposite feet (e.g., distance measured from heel strike of one foot to heel strike of the other foot). Normally, the step length is approximately 15–20 inches. (Figure 6–1) Each stride comprises two steps. FIGURE 6–1. Step and Stride. Stance phase can be subdivided into: 1. Initial contact 2. Loading response 409 410 Ⅲ PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS 3. Midstance 4. Terminal stance 5. Preswing Remember: “I Like My Tea Pre-sweetened” Swing phase subdivisions: 1. Initial swing 2. Midswing 3. Terminal swing Remember: “In My Teapot” Stance phase Sub-phases/events 1. Initial contact—Instant the foot contacts the ground 2. Loading response—Time period from immediately following initial contact to the lift of the contralateral extremity from the ground, during which weight shift occurs 3. Midstance—Time interval from lift of the contralateral extremity from the ground to the point where the ankles of both extremities are aligned in the frontal (or coronal) plane 4. Terminal stance—Period from ankle alignment in the frontal plane to just prior to initial contact of the contralateral (swinging) extremity 5. Prewing—Time interval from initial contact of the .
